Acne is mainly due to genetics. However many factors can aggravate it. These include conditions that increase androgen in the body (pregnancy, CAH and PCOS), certain medications (steroids and antiepileptics), mechanical blockage of pores.

Acne occurs when pores become clogged with excess oil (sebum), dead skin cells, and bacteria. Its causes can include hormonal changes, stress, certain medications, and a diet high in refined sugars. According to UK guidelines, treatment depends on the severity of acne, the individual’s age, and the impact on their daily life, which varies from person to person. A basic skincare routine with a face wash containing benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid is often recommended. For more severe cases, treatments like steroid creams or retinoids may be prescribed following a doctor’s assessment.